LLM Tech Stack & Model Ecosystem

APIs, foundation models, embeddings, open vs. closed models, and infrastructure choices.

LLM Slide

Overview

The LLM ecosystem includes model providers, APIs, embeddings, vector databases, model hosting choices, and the trade-offs between open-source and closed-source models. Understanding the stack helps teams select the right components for scalability, cost, and performance.

Key Concepts

Foundation Models

Models like GPT, Claude, Llama, and Mistral that serve as general-purpose reasoning engines.

APIs

Providers deliver inference endpoints with safety, reliability, and scaling built-in.

Embeddings

Vector representations for search, retrieval, recommendation, and memory systems.

How the LLM Stack Works

1. Data

Documents • Databases • Logs • Media

2. Embeddings

Converted into vectors for semantic search.

3. Retrieval

Vector DB surfaces relevant context.

4. LLM

Model generates an answer using retrieved data.

Use Cases

RAG Systems

High-accuracy question answering with enterprise data.

Custom Chatbots

Domain-specific assistants built on APIs or self-hosted LLMs.

Automation & Agents

LLMs coordinating multi-step workflows across systems.

Open Source vs Closed Models

Open Source

  • Greater control
  • Customizable
  • Deploy anywhere
  • Lower cost at scale

Closed Models

  • Best performance
  • Strong safety systems
  • No infra management
  • High reliability

FAQ

How do I choose between open and closed models?

Use closed models for best accuracy; open models for control and customization.

Do all LLM systems need embeddings?

No, but they’re essential for RAG, search, and memory components.

What infrastructure should I pick?

Start with APIs, move to self-hosted only when cost or control necessitate it.

Build With the Modern LLM Stack

Choose the right foundation model, API, or open-source system to accelerate your AI development.

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